Adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the rapid onset of progressive malfunction of the lungs, especially with regard to the ability to take in oxygen, usually associated with the malfunction of other organs. The condition is associated with extensive pulmonary inflammation and small blood vessel injury in all affected organs. ARDS has a fatality rate of approximately 50 0espite supportive therapy, including assisted respiration. It is difficult to estimate the incidence of ARDS because it is often associated with other severe illnesses. But it is a common problem in hospital intensive care units. The incidence of ARDS has been difficult to determine, due partly to the variety of causes. Various published estimates have ranged from 1.5 to 71 cases per 100,000 population. Other figures suggest the occurrence of 13,000 to 27,000 cases annually. Pathophysiology ARDS is the end result of acute alveolar injury caused by a variety of insults and probably initiated by different mechanisms. The initial injury is to either the capillary endothelium or alveolar epithelium. ......

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