Abstract: Hard water is water with high concentrations of Ca2+, Mg 2+, Fe 3+, CO3 2-, and Cl ions. The more if these ions that are present in a sample of water is considered soft or hard. Water differs from place to place and the characteristics of �hardness� to water are measured everyday by the ability for soap to foam and lather. The lab that was performed tested the hardness of the water located in the Garfield High School, school building. Using titration and a complexing agent called EDTA (CH10H16N2O8) the water �hardness was tested. Introduction: Discovering the hardness of water is very important in today�s world. Hard water, when heated, produces a substance called scale. Scale is a solid substance consisting mainly of CaCO3 (calcite crystals) and which forms on the surface of pipes, tubes, boiler walls, etc. It often causes blockage and can be extremely expensive to remove. This is a problem in many different industries and it is often essential to soften the water before use. However, they first have to find out how hard the water is. Hard water requires more so......

Word Count: 706
Page Count: 2.8 (250 words a page / double spaced)

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