Describe the development of the cattle industry in the West and Southwest after 1860. Why was the period of the open range relatively short? What was the life of a cowboy like? The important element of the changing economy of the far West was cattle ranching. The open range provided a huge area where cattle raisers could graze their herds. The cattle industry had its roots in the Mexican territory of Texas during the 1700s. Long before citizens of the United States entered the South west, Mexican ranchers had developed the techniques and equipment that the cattlemen and cowboys of the Great Plains later employed. Texas had the largest herds of cattle in the country. At the end of the Civil war, an estimated 5 million cattle roamed the Texas ranges. To turn cattle ranching into a successful business, Americans needed a way to get western herds to the markets in the East as eastern markets were offering good prices. Early in 1866, some Texas cattle ranchers began driving their combined herds, some 260,000 heads, north to Sedalia, Missouri, on the Missouri ......

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