Gas Exchange is the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the air in the lungs. Oxygen moves from air sacs in the lungs into the surrounding blood capillaries, while carbon dioxide passes from the capillaries into the air sacs. Gas exchange is the means by which we get oxygen from the air into our blood and carbon dioxide out of our blood into the air. Gas exchange happens by diffusion of gases across the very thin walls of the alveoli. In order to maximise the amount of diffusion taking place, the alveoli have a huge total surface area - between 70m2 and 90m2! The alveoli have a moist lining to help dissolve the gases, and are surrounded by many tiny capillaries so there is plenty of blood for the gases to pass into and out of. As a result of gas exchange, the proportion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the inhaled/exhaled air changes - with the air we breathe in containing a higher percentage of oxygen and a lower percentage of carbon dioxide than the air we breathe out. (Nitrogen, the main component of air, remains unaffected by breathing and stays at the....

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